A massive explosive eruption at Kanlaon Volcano in Negros Island has triggered the raising of Alert Level 3, signaling the start of a magmatic eruption that may escalate into more powerful explosive events. Stay informed and learn the latest updates on this rapidly developing volcanic activity. 🌋🔥

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What Happened at Kanlaon Volcano?

On Monday afternoon, December 9, 2024, Kanlaon Volcano, located in Negros Island, Philippines, erupted explosively at 3:03 PM PHT. The eruption produced a massive plume of ash and gas that shot up to 3,000 meters above the summit vent. In addition to this towering plume, pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) rapidly descended down the southeastern slopes of the volcano. These powerful currents of hot gas and volcanic material pose a significant threat to surrounding areas.

As a result of this eruption, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) raised the volcano’s alert status from Alert Level 2 (Increasing Unrest) to Alert Level 3 (Magmatic Unrest). This change indicates that a magmatic eruption has begun, which may lead to more violent and dangerous explosive events in the coming hours or days.

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Eruption Timeline:

Time	Event
3:03 PM	Kanlaon Volcano erupts explosively, sending a 3,000-meter-high plume into the sky
3:10 PM	Pyroclastic Density Currents (PDCs) descend the southeastern slopes of the volcano
3:55 PM	PHIVOLCS raises Alert Level 3; evacuation orders issued for residents within a 6-kilometer radius

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Details of the Explosive Eruption

The eruption at Kanlaon Volcano was marked by a voluminous ash plume that rose rapidly to a height of 3,000 meters above the summit vent. This significant eruption released substantial amounts of ash, gas, and pyroclastic material, which were carried west-southwest by prevailing winds.

Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs)—which are fast-moving flows of hot gas, ash, and volcanic debris—were observed descending the southeastern slopes of the volcano. These dangerous flows can cause widespread destruction and pose severe risks to anyone in their path.

PHIVOLCS has confirmed that this eruption follows several signs of increased volcanic activity, including seismic tremors and gas emissions, which had been recorded earlier in the day. Sulfur dioxide emissions have also been high, signaling a significant level of magmatic activity beneath the volcano.

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Key Indicators of Volcanic Activity

Seismic Activity

Earlier in the day, six volcanic earthquakes were recorded near Kanlaon, indicating increased seismicity and unrest within the volcano. These earthquakes are often precursors to volcanic eruptions, highlighting the rising magma beneath the surface.

Sulfur Dioxide Emissions

On December 8, 2024, Kanlaon released 4,638 tonnes of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. This high level of gas emission is a strong indication of ongoing volcanic activity. Sulfur dioxide is commonly associated with magma movement beneath the volcano and is an important indicator of volcanic unrest.

Ash and Gas Emissions

In addition to the explosive eruption at 3:03 PM, Kanlaon had already emitted ash plumes earlier in the morning. One such event lasted for 16 minutes, further raising concerns about the volcano’s increasing activity.

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Safety Measures and Evacuation Orders

Evacuation Orders

In response to the explosive eruption, PHIVOLCS has issued an evacuation order for all residents within a 6-kilometer radius of the volcano’s summit. This zone is at high risk from pyroclastic flows, ash fall, and other volcanic hazards. Local authorities are working swiftly to evacuate vulnerable communities and provide safe shelters.

Residents are strongly advised to leave the area immediately and to avoid venturing back into the affected zone until further notice. PHIVOLCS and local government units (LGUs) are on high alert and are ready to implement additional evacuations if necessary.

Public Safety Advisory

It is crucial that everyone in the surrounding areas remain alert and follow the official instructions of local authorities. In addition to evacuation orders, residents are encouraged to:

• Avoid any travel within the designated danger zone.
• Stay indoors to avoid inhaling volcanic ash, which can be harmful to health.
• Keep windows and doors closed to prevent ash from entering homes.
• Follow any further evacuation instructions issued by local government units.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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Disclaimer

This information is provided by PHIVOLCS based on their most recent observations and analysis. As the situation is rapidly evolving, further updates will be issued as new information becomes available. Please remain alert and follow guidance from official sources to stay safe. The eruption could progress further, and additional evacuation orders may be necessary.

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Conclusion

As of December 9, 2024, Kanlaon Volcano has erupted explosively, triggering the raising of Alert Level 3. This means the volcano is now in a state of magmatic unrest, and there is a significant risk of further explosive eruptions. Local authorities have issued evacuation orders for all residents within a 6-kilometer radius, and additional measures may be required if the situation worsens.

Stay tuned for more updates from PHIVOLCS and local authorities. Remain informed, follow evacuation instructions, and take all necessary precautions to stay safe during this volcanic event. 🌋

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